As students , we learned to raise our hand in the classroom to gain recognition to speak. The en masse raising of hands at a sporting event signals celebration. Neither of these forms of hand raising are apparent in the art and literature of the ancient Near East, but we do find both morals and gods depicted with uplifted hands in a variety of scenarios.
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Two onyx stones were attached to this garment and were inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes (Exod 28:9-12; 39:6-7). Similarly, the small cloth breast piece that the high priest wore over the ephod had twelve precious and semiprecious stones attached to it, each engraved with the name of one of Israel’s tribes gold plate was slung so that it faced forward. It was engraved with the phrase “HOLY TO THE LORD” (Exod 28:36; 39:30). Solomon’s temple was also filled with handiwork that called for the skill of the engravers. The panels of the ten
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